MSK Research in the News

The ASCO, the SSO, and the ASTRO have come together and issued a joint guideline on what constitutes a successful surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in terms of having cancer-free margins on the removed tissue. Chief of Breast Service at MSK, Dr. Monica Morrow was the lead author on this meta-analysis of over 20 studies involving almost 8,000 patients. They concluded that a 2mm margin should be adequate for breast conserving surgery and is associated with low rates of ipsilateral tumor recurrence.

A recent JAMA Oncology report showed that mutations in estrogen receptors impacted the progression-free survival of breast cancer patients. Dr. Sarat Chandarlapaty and his colleagues used cDNA assays to identify two mutations: D538G and Y5378. For women with these mutations who were treated with Aromatase inhibitors, their progression-free survival rates were the similar to the women with neither mutation. “While this study hasn’t found a “cure” for breast cancer, it suggests a new means of providing a longer life for women with ER+ tumors — even if metastasis has occurred.”

A new study in the Journal of Hepatology by Dr Ghassan Abou-Alfa found that Codrituzumab was not effective for patients who had already failed treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, higher doses of Codrituzumab or selecting patients with higher CD16 and glypican-3 levels could improve patient outcomes.

Something New About “Big Data”, Myeloma and More…

Surfing the web, I uncovered these new items worth sharing:

  • Researchers at the University of Hawaii have developed a computational algorithm to analyze “Big Data” from tumor samples to better understand cancer. The algorithm is called Joint Analysis of Many Matrices by ITeration (JAMMIT) and it uses advance math to identify patterns in molecular data. Further discussion is found in BioData Mining.
  • Scientists in Australia have discovered a new class of drugs that may be effective in treating incurable myeloma. These targeted therapies are furthered discussed in the journal Blood.
  • More support for minority focused research with increased community participation would help improve scientific knowledge of chronic disease among all races and ethnic populations according to a paper published by lead researchers at Tufts. Their discussion is presented in Health Affairs.
  • Researchers at the University of the Witwatersrand and the South African Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences have discovered a fossilized human toe bone, which dates back 1.7 million years, that shows evidence of osteosarcoma. This fossilized foot bone is the oldest evidence yet that ancient humans suffered from cancer. Read more about this discovery in Science Alert.

Do You Know Scientists have Found Cancer in a Million-Year-Old Fossil?

A team of international researchers in South Africa have identified the earliest known incidences of cancer in the hominin fossil record. Two research articles in the South African Journal of Science describe a malignant osteosarcoma in a foot bone, dated at around 1.7 million years old, and benign neoplasms at nearly 2 million years old in hominin vertebrae. The malignant neoplasia predates the last evidence of the disease by nearly 200,000 years. While modern habits and lifestyles are responsible for many instances of cancer, it is apparent that the disease has been around for longer than we thought.

Continue reading